ASTHMA Asma

• Asthma is characterized by: Asma dicirikan oleh:

• airway inflammation udara inflamasi

• airway hyper-responsiveness udara rempah-respon

• reversible airway obstruction dpt dibatalkan udara halangan

Asthma Symptoms Gejala asma

Recurrent episodes of wheeze, dyspnea, chest tightness, sputum and cough, which is worse at night or with exercise. Episode berulang dari lelucon, dyspnea, kesesakan dada, dahak dan batuk, yang buruk di malam hari atau dengan latihan.

Asthma Triggers Pemicu asma

Triggers include viral infections such as the common cold, allergens, irritants, exercise, weather, anxiety, stress and aspirin. Pemicu termasuk infeksi virus seperti biasa dingin, alergen, irritants, latihan, cuaca, kegelisahan, stres dan aspirin.

Family History Keluarga Sejarah

Patients with a family history of atopy and asthma in 1st degree relatives are more likely to have these conditions also. Pasien dengan keluarga dan sejarah atopy asma di 1st derajat sanak saudara adalah lebih cenderung memiliki kondisi ini juga. Genetic predisposition is known, however which genes are involved is still unknown. Kecenderungan genetik diketahui, namun gen yang terlibat adalah belum diketahui.

Past Medical History Telah medis Sejarah

Emergency deparment visits, hospitalizations, ICU admissions and mechanical ventilation episodes are all signs of severe and worsening asthma. Darurat deparment kunjungan, hospitalizations, ICU pentadbiran dan ventilasi mekanis episode adalah semua tanda-tanda makin parah dan asma.

Physical Examination Pemeriksaan fisik

On physical examination by a physician, there may be normal between symptomatic episodes of asthma, which may have wheezing, increased expiratory phase and/or decreased breath sounds on listening to the chest of these patients. Pada pemeriksaan fisik oleh dokter, mungkin ada biasa antara episode gejala dari asma, yang mungkin wheezing, meningkat expiratory tahap dan / atau menurun nafas mendengarkan suara di dada pasien tersebut.

OBJECTIVE MEASURES OF ASTHMA Tujuan dari tindakan asma

• Spirometry – improvement of FEV1 in response to bronchodilators Spirometry - perbaikan FEV1 menanggapi bronchodilators

• Peak-flow meter Puncak-meter aliran

• Airway hyper-responsiveness Udara rempah-respon